In 2018, the Government of India took a strategic leap in education policy by launching the Samagra Shiksha Scheme — a comprehensive program that merged Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA), Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA), and Teacher Education (TE) into one unified scheme.
With the launch of Samagra Shiksha Scheme 2.0 in 2021, the government re-energized this initiative, adding new dimensions such as early childhood education, digital learning, vocational education, and foundational literacy and numeracy to strengthen the entire spectrum of school education from pre-primary to Grade 12.
Objectives of Samagra Shiksha Scheme 2.0:
- Ensure equitable access to quality education at all levels (pre-primary to Class 12).
- Improve learning outcomes, especially basic literacy and numeracy.
- Support digital learning infrastructure and promote smart classrooms.
- Focus on teacher recruitment, training, and professional development.
- Encourage vocational education from Class 6 onwards.
- Bridge gender and social category gaps in school education.
Launch Year & Nodal Ministry of Samagra Shiksha Scheme 2.0:
- Samagra Shiksha Phase 1: 2018
- Samagra Shiksha 2.0 (Revamped): 2021–22
- Nodal Ministry: Ministry of Education (Department of School Education & Literacy)
Key Features of Samagra Shiksha 2.0:
- Covers entire school education from pre-primary to senior secondary.
- Includes the NIPUN Bharat component for foundational literacy and numeracy by Class 3.
- Integration of ICT and digital initiatives through DIKSHA, smart classrooms, and e-content.
- Focus on Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE).
- Strengthening of library, sports, and arts infrastructure in schools.
- Vocational education beginning from Class 6 with internships.
- Development of inclusive education modules for CWSN (Children with Special Needs).
- Performance Grading Index (PGI) to assess and track state performance.
Eligibility for Samagra Shiksha Scheme 2.0:
- All government and government-aided schools across India.
- Indirect beneficiaries include students (pre-primary to Class 12), teachers, school administrators, and special educators.
Benefits to Citizens:
- Seamless schooling experience with continuity in basic and higher education.
- Access to modern classrooms, digital tools, and e-learning.
- Improved teacher quality through structured training programs.
- Vocational and skill education embedded in formal curriculum.
- Increased retention, reduced dropouts, and better learning outcomes.
Financial Outlay:
- Approved for implementation from FY 2021–22 to 2025–26.
- Total outlay: ₹2.94 lakh crore (Centre + States)
- Central share: ₹1.85 lakh crore
- State share: ₹1.09 lakh crore
- Key allocations include:
- ₹37,000 crore for Foundational Literacy and Numeracy
- ₹75,000 crore for ICT, digital learning, and infrastructure
- ₹25,000 crore for teacher education and training
- Funding ratio:
- Centre:State = 60:40 (General category states)
- 90:10 for NE states, UTs with legislature, and Himalayan states
Recent Developments in Samagra Shiksha Scheme 2.0:
- Over 22 crore students reached through digital platforms like DIKSHA and PM eVIDYA.
- States have launched Foundational Literacy Missions under NIPUN Bharat.
- More than 5000 schools selected for upgradation under PM SHRI Schools (2022).
- Emphasis on climate change education, skill development, and AI literacy under NEP 2020.
Challenges:
- Digital divide between urban and rural schools.
- Variability in state-level implementation and fund utilization.
- Shortage of trained teachers in specialized and vocational subjects.
- Need for real-time data-driven monitoring mechanisms.
Conclusion:
Samagra Shiksha Scheme 2.0 is a bold step toward overhauling basic and secondary education in India. By integrating early education, foundational literacy, technology, and skilling, it aims to make learning holistic, inclusive, and future-ready. With NEP 2020 as its backbone and significant financial backing, Samagra Shiksha 2.0 has the potential to reshape India’s educational landscape in the decade ahead.
Official Website: https://samagra.education.gov.in/
Other Related Schemes: NIPUN Bharat Mission; Sarva Shiksha Abhiyaan; PM SHRI & Other Schemes…..
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